Wholesale Workout Apparel: Ultimate Guide to Suppliers, Trends & Business Success

1. Introduction to Wholesale Fitness Apparel Market

The global fitness apparel industry is on an unstoppable rise, expanding at a robust 5.8% annual growth rate since 2022. This surge is fueled by a wave of health-conscious consumers who crave both functionality and style in their workout wardrobes. For retailers and aspiring entrepreneurs, this boom presents a landscape brimming with opportunity—but also a fair share of challenges. Sourcing reliable suppliers, navigating complex purchasing requirements, and keeping pace with fast-evolving trends can feel like running a marathon with hurdles.

This comprehensive guide is designed to be your playbook for wholesale workout apparel success. We’ll walk you through how to find and compare top suppliers, decode purchasing processes like MOQs and pricing, and explore the latest trends shaping the activewear market. Whether you’re launching a boutique, scaling an online store, or simply seeking smarter sourcing strategies, you’ll find actionable insights to empower your journey in the fitness apparel business.

Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction to Wholesale Fitness Apparel Market
• 2. Top Wholesale Suppliers and Manufacturers
• 3. Navigating Purchasing Requirements & Processes
• 4. Vendor Evaluation: Balancing Cost and Quality
• 5. Launching and Scaling Your Fitness Apparel Business
• 6. Emerging Trends and Product Diversity
• 7. Sustainable Sourcing and Operational Excellence
• 8. Conclusion: Building a Competitive Edge
• 9. FAQ: Wholesale Workout Apparel Essentials

2. Top Wholesale Suppliers and Manufacturers

Finding the right supplier is the linchpin of any successful fitness apparel business. The market is vast, with options ranging from high-volume manufacturers to customization specialists across the globe. Let’s break down the leaders, their strengths, and what makes them stand out.

2.1 Leading Global Suppliers for Bulk Orders

When it comes to bulk activewear sourcing, a handful of suppliers consistently rise to the top, each with unique strengths:

• Appareify: Specializing in high-volume production with the capacity to deliver over 400,000 pieces per month, Appareify is a powerhouse for brands seeking private labeling and OEM services. Their one-stop-shop model covers everything from design to production, and they offer sustainable manufacturing options. While based in China (which may limit on-site inspection), Appareify is ideal for brands needing large-scale, customizable orders.
• FashionTIY: Renowned for offering prices up to 70% lower than traditional channels, FashionTIY is a B2B platform that caters to startups and niche retailers. They provide extensive customization services, including product development, quality checks, and packaging. With global distribution support and no minimum order quantity (MOQ) in some cases, FashionTIY is a flexible solution for those just starting out or experimenting with new product lines.
• RDX Sports: For those prioritizing premium materials and fast, global logistics, RDX Sports stands out. Their apparel features high-quality polyester, nylon, and neoprene, with low MOQs and warehouses in the US, Europe, and Australia for speedy delivery. RDX Sports is a go-to for gym owners and distributors who value both quality and logistics efficiency.
• Gym Clothes: This supplier focuses on blank gym wear, perfect for brands looking to rebrand with private labeling. They offer customizable tracksuits, leggings, and performance tops, with discounts for bulk orders.
• S&S Activewear: Known for large-scale distribution and a vast inventory, S&S Activewear is reliable for high-volume retailers needing consistent supply across multiple product categories.

Key Trends:

• Sustainability is gaining ground, with suppliers like Blue Associates Sportswear focusing on eco-friendly materials.
• Dropshipping platforms such as Tasha Apparel cater to those looking to minimize inventory risk.
• Customization is king—Augusta Sportswear and FashionTIY empower brands to stand out with tailored designs.

2.2 Customization-Focused Manufacturers by Region

Choosing between U.S. and Asian manufacturers often comes down to trade-offs between cost, speed, and sustainability:

United States-Based Manufacturers:

• Suuchi Inc. leads with carbon-neutral production and a tech-driven supply chain, offering full-service OEM/ODM solutions at premium pricing.
• Fitness Clothing Manufacturer (NY) and American Garment (LA) provide OEKO-TEX® and GRS-certified fabrics, focusing on high-quality gym apparel and recycled materials.
• JS Apparel and AEL Apparel bring climate-neutral certifications and organic materials into the mix, catering to brands prioritizing ethical production and advanced design services.

Asian Manufacturers:

• Berunwear and Aktive Apparel (China) stand out for eco-friendly fabrics and low MOQs, making them accessible for startups.
• Thygesen Textile Vietnam and Active Wear Manufacturer (Vietnam/China) combine advanced technology, ethical certifications (SA8000, WRAP, OEKO-TEX®), and competitive pricing for large-scale orders.
• ChinaFitnessClothing offers over 21 years of experience with private-label options and dropshipping.

Key Takeaways:

• U.S. manufacturers excel in premium, sustainable options with robust certifications.
• Asian suppliers offer cost-effective scalability, advanced tech, and lower MOQs—perfect for brands looking to grow fast.

2.3 Key Selection Criteria: Quality, MOQs, and Logistics

Selecting your ideal supplier isn’t just about price. Consider these critical decision factors:

• Production Capacity: Ensure the supplier can meet your volume needs, especially during peak seasons.
• Material Standards: Look for certifications like OEKO-TEX® and GRS for assurance of quality and sustainability.
• MOQ Flexibility: Startups may benefit from suppliers like Berunwear or FashionTIY, which accommodate smaller orders.
• Shipping Efficiency: Global warehouses and fast logistics (as seen with RDX Sports) can be a game-changer for timely deliveries.
• Quality Assurance: Always request samples and, when possible, arrange third-party inspections to verify product standards before committing to large orders.

By weighing these criteria, you can align your sourcing strategy with your brand’s goals—whether that’s rapid growth, ethical production, or market differentiation.

3. Navigating Purchasing Requirements & Processes

Understanding the nuts and bolts of wholesale purchasing is essential for building a profitable fitness apparel business. From MOQs to pricing models and custom order workflows, let’s demystify the process.

3.1 MOQ Strategies for Startups vs. Established Brands

Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs) can make or break your entry into wholesale. Here’s how the landscape breaks down:

- Ultra-Low MOQs (1–10 pieces): Suppliers like FitChina and FITPRINT allow for single-unit or very small orders, ideal for startups testing new products or for those with limited upfront capital.

- Moderate MOQs (10–100 pieces): AuraeFit typically requires 10 pieces per style, but may accommodate smaller orders for new businesses. This tier is great for brands looking to balance variety with manageable investment.

- Bulk MOQs (100+ pieces): For optimal pricing, manufacturers often recommend starting with 100 pieces per style. More complex customizations or specialty fabrics may push this threshold higher (sometimes 500+ units).

Customization Complexity: The more intricate your design or the more specialized your fabric, the higher the likely MOQ. Always clarify these details upfront to avoid surprises.

3.2 Pricing Models and Profit Margin Calculations

Wholesale pricing isn’t just about getting the lowest number—it’s about understanding your true costs and setting sustainable margins.

Cost-Based Pricing Formula: [ \text{Wholesale Price} = (\text{Total Costs}) \times (1 + \text{Profit Margin}) ]

- Blank Apparel: $4.00–$38.49 (e.g., T-shirts: $4.25–$6.95; hoodies: $10.50–$38.49)

- Printing: $2.50–$5.00 (DTG, screen printing)

- Labor/Overhead: $5.00–$10.00

- Shipping: $1.00–$3.00

Example Calculation: If your total cost of goods sold (COGS) is $12.50 and you aim for a 50% margin, your selling price would be $25.00.

Tiered Discounts: Suppliers often incentivize larger orders with discounts—up to 48% off at 25+ units (Printful), with steeper savings as quantities increase.

Markup Strategies:

- Retail Markup: 200%+ (e.g., $15 wholesale → $49.99 retail)

- Wholesale Markup: 25–30% (e.g., $70 retail → $45–$50 wholesale)

Dynamic Pricing: Adjust your prices based on demand, competitor activity, and inventory levels to maximize profitability.

3.3 Custom Orders and Production Efficiency Tools

Custom orders typically follow a structured workflow:

1. Design Submission: Upload your artwork or design files via the supplier’s online platform (e.g., FITPRINT’s designer tool).

2. Sample Approval: Test prototypes before committing to full production—this step is crucial for quality assurance.

3. Production Timeline: On-demand orders can take 5–14 business days; bulk or complex customizations may require longer.

Efficiency Tip: For efficient garment customization workflows using HoopMaster hooping station, leveraging advanced tools can dramatically speed up production and reduce errors. Sewtalent magnetic embroidery hoops are a game-changer in this space, enabling you to reduce garment-hooping time by up to 90% and minimize defects during the customization process. By streamlining hooping, Sewtalent helps brands scale their custom apparel offerings while maintaining high quality and consistency.

Ready to take your fitness apparel business to the next level? Keep reading for deeper dives into vendor evaluation, profitability analysis, and the latest trends shaping the activewear landscape!

4. Vendor Evaluation: Balancing Cost and Quality

Choosing the right wholesale workout apparel vendor is more than a price game—it’s about striking the perfect balance between cost, quality, reliability, and long-term business growth. Let’s break down the essential metrics and margin strategies that will help you make informed, profitable decisions.

4.1 Critical Comparison Metrics

When evaluating vendors, think of yourself as a detective—every detail matters. Here’s how top suppliers stack up on the metrics that count:

Material Quality: Vendors like JaceApparel and Hucai lead with OEKO-TEX and GOTS-certified fabrics, ensuring both durability and safety. Appareify and Megasport focus on breathable, moisture-wicking materials—think of gear that keeps up with the sweatiest HIIT class or the longest yoga flow.

Certifications: Look for third-party standards like GRS (Global Recycled Standard), OEKO-TEX, and carbon-neutral practices. These not only boost your brand’s credibility but also reassure your eco-conscious customers.

Defect Rates & Reliability: While hard numbers may not always be available upfront, prioritize vendors with a reputation for consistent quality and low defect rates. Request samples—test for colorfastness, fabric strength, and fit. Reliable suppliers like RSI Apparel, with multi-country production hubs, can help you sidestep supply chain hiccups.

MOQ Flexibility: Startups benefit from low MOQs offered by Appareify and JaceApparel, while Hucai’s 100-unit minimum is better suited for growing brands ready for bulk.

Sustainability & Customization: JaceApparel and Hucai shine in eco-friendly materials and carbon-neutral operations. If sustainability is your calling card, these partners are worth a closer look.

Shipping & Logistics: US-based Gym Clothes offers faster domestic delivery, while RSI Apparel’s global network ensures agility for international orders.

Action Steps:

1. Request Samples: Always test before you invest—feel the fabric, check the stitching, and put those moisture-wicking claims to the test.

2. Negotiate Terms: Don’t be shy—ask about volume discounts and flexible MOQs.

3. Verify Certifications: Audit OEKO-TEX, GOTS, or other claims to guarantee quality and compliance.

By aligning these metrics with your business priorities, you’ll be better equipped to select a vendor who not only meets your needs but helps you stand out in a crowded market.

4.2 Profitability Analysis and Margin Optimization

Let’s talk numbers—because profit is the fuel that keeps your business running. Understanding the margin landscape is key to building a thriving fitness apparel brand.

Gross Margins: Wholesale workout apparel typically yields 50–70% gross margins. For example, if you source leggings at $15 per unit and retail them for $45, you’re looking at a 67% gross margin. Not bad, right?

Net Margins by Brand Type:

- Fast Fashion: 2–6%

- Premium Brands: 8–12%

- Sustainable Brands: 10–15%

Premium and sustainable brands command higher net margins due to perceived value and loyal customer bases. Fast fashion, while moving greater volume, often faces razor-thin profits due to aggressive pricing and high operational costs.

Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Advantages: Selling directly through your own website or boutique maximizes gross margins by cutting out middlemen. You control pricing, branding, and the customer experience—think of it as owning the whole pie, not just a slice.

Sustainable Material ROI: Investing in GRS-certified or recycled fabrics can elevate your brand and justify higher price points. While upfront costs may be higher, the long-term payoff comes in the form of customer loyalty and premium positioning.

Margin Optimization Tips:

- Negotiate Volume Discounts: The more you buy, the better your per-unit cost.

- Tiered Pricing: Offer discounts for bulk orders to incentivize larger purchases.

- Dynamic Pricing: Adjust retail prices based on demand, seasonality, and competitor activity.

Bottom Line: Profitability isn’t just about the cheapest supplier—it’s about finding the right partner whose quality, reliability, and values align with your brand. Optimize your sourcing and pricing strategies, and you’ll build a business that’s both resilient and rewarding.

5. Launching and Scaling Your Fitness Apparel Business

So you’ve found your vendors and dialed in your margins—what’s next? It’s time to launch, grow, and dominate your niche. Let’s explore business models, marketing tactics, and tools that can supercharge your journey.

5.1 Business Models: POD vs. Bulk Manufacturing

Choosing between Print-on-Demand (POD) and bulk manufacturing is like picking your adventure—each path has unique risks and rewards.

Bulk Manufacturing: Expect total startup costs of $155,000–$530,000 when you factor in design, prototyping, and inventory. This model is best for brands ready to commit to large orders, aiming for lower per-unit costs and higher margins.

Print-on-Demand (POD): With startup costs as low as $5,000, POD lets you test new designs with minimal risk. You only produce what you sell, making it perfect for trend-driven collections or limited-edition drops.

Key Takeaway: Start lean with POD if you’re testing the waters, then scale into bulk manufacturing as your brand gains traction and you better understand demand patterns.

5.2 Marketing and Influencer Collaboration Tactics

In today’s digital world, your brand’s story is as important as your product. Here’s how to get noticed—and remembered.

Social Media Power: Instagram and TikTok are your best friends. Leverage micro-influencers (10k–100k followers) for authentic, niche advocacy. These partnerships often deliver higher engagement and trust than mega-celebs.

Seasonal Campaigns: Time your launches around fitness peaks—think New Year’s resolutions, spring training, or back-to-school. A well-timed campaign can turn browsers into loyal fans.

Content Strategy: Encourage user-generated content—real customers showing off your gear in action. It’s social proof that money can’t buy.

Influencer Example: Brands like Printful thrive by supporting trend-driven designs and influencer collaborations, keeping inventory nimble and marketing fresh.

Pro Tips:

- Allocate $30,000–$100,000 for digital marketing, SEO, and paid ads as you scale.

- Build an e-commerce platform (Shopify, Lightspeed) to own your customer data and experience.

5.3 Streamlining Production with Specialized Tools

Efficiency is the secret sauce for scaling your business—especially when customization is king. Enter Sewtalent magnetic hoops embroidery system.

Why Sewtalent? For garment embroidery, Sewtalent’s magnetic hoops are a game-changer:

- 40x longer lifespan than standard hoops—think years, not months.

- Reduced hoop burn—your finished products look pristine, every time.

- Industrial compatibility—designed for high-volume orders and a wide range of commercial machines.

Imagine slashing your hooping time and defect rate, all while boosting consistency. That’s the Sewtalent advantage—helping you fulfill large orders with confidence and efficiency, so you can focus on growing your brand.

6. Emerging Trends and Product Diversity

Staying ahead of the curve means knowing what’s hot—and what’s next. Let’s explore the styles, sizes, and innovations shaping the wholesale workout apparel market.

6.1 Top Styles: Seamless Sets and Technical Fabrics

The global gym apparel market is booming, projected to reach $190.68 billion by 2030. What’s fueling this growth? Two words: innovation and inclusivity.

Seamless Sets: These body-hugging, chafe-free designs are a hit for high-intensity workouts and daily wear alike. Brands like Adidas are leading the charge with recycled, seamless onesies and corset sports bras—proving that eco-friendly can also be ultra-stylish.

Technical Fabrics: Moisture-wicking, stretchable, and durable materials are now the baseline. Wholesale vendors are upping their game, offering fabrics that keep athletes cool, dry, and comfortable—no matter how tough the session.

Sustainability: Recycled polyester blends and eco-conscious production are becoming industry standards. Adidas’ partnership with 11 Honoré is a standout, merging sustainability with high-performance design.

Key Takeaway: Stocking seamless sets and technical fabrics isn’t just trendy—it’s essential for meeting modern consumer expectations and capturing a share of the booming market.

6.2 Plus-Size Market Expansion and Inclusivity

Inclusivity isn’t a buzzword—it’s a business imperative. The U.S. plus-size workout apparel segment alone hit $102.05 billion in 2023, with projections soaring even higher.

Market Growth: Driven by body positivity and social media advocacy, brands are expanding size ranges and rethinking fit. The plus-size market is expected to reach $156.97 billion by 2032 in the U.S., with global demand rising in tandem.

Fit Challenges: Scaling patterns from smaller sizes often leads to poor fit and uncomfortable garments. Leading brands like Nike, ASOS, Torrid, and Universal Standard are tackling this head-on, offering extended sizing (up to 0–38) and investing in better materials.

Accessories & Ancillary Products: It’s not just about leggings—plus-size sports bras, footwear, and accessories are gaining traction. Brands like Eloquii now offer bras in sizes A–O and band sizes 30–58, further expanding inclusivity.

Distribution Channels: E-commerce dominates, making it easier for consumers to find niche products. But don’t discount the power of offline retail for tactile experiences and brand discovery.

Opportunities: Untapped demand in seamless activewear and sustainable materials presents a golden opportunity for wholesalers willing to innovate and invest in inclusive design.

By staying laser-focused on quality, embracing new business models, and riding the wave of inclusive, sustainable trends, your fitness apparel business can thrive in today’s dynamic market. Ready to take the next step? The future of wholesale activewear is yours to shape.

7. Sustainable Sourcing and Operational Excellence

As the activewear industry races toward a greener future, sustainable sourcing and operational mastery are no longer optional—they’re the new gold standard. Whether you’re a boutique owner or scaling a global fitness brand, understanding certifications, material transparency, and logistics strategies is key to building trust and efficiency in your supply chain.

7.1 Ethical Certifications and Material Transparency

Let’s unravel the alphabet soup of certifications and what they mean for your brand’s credibility and consumer appeal.

Key Certifications for Sustainable and Ethical Sourcing

• Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS): This is the gold medal for organic textiles. GOTS requires at least 70% organic fibers, bans hazardous chemicals, and enforces social responsibility—think fair wages and safe working conditions. Brands like Girlfriend Collective and prAna use GOTS-certified organic cotton, ensuring every thread aligns with eco and ethical values.
• Global Recycled Standard (GRS): GRS focuses on verifying recycled content—such as post-consumer plastics—and promotes full transparency in textile recycling. Reebok and Girlfriend Collective incorporate GRS-certified recycled fabrics, meeting the growing demand for circular fashion.
• Better Cotton Initiative (BCI): BCI trains farmers in sustainable cotton practices, slashing water and chemical use while improving labor conditions. Reebok and Patagonia leverage BCI cotton, making eco-friendly sportswear more accessible.
• OEKO-TEX® Standard 100: If you want to guarantee your apparel is free from harmful substances, OEKO-TEX is your badge of safety. Brands like TALA and Girlfriend Collective rely on this certification to assure customers their gear is skin-friendly and responsibly produced.
• B Corp Certification: This is the all-around MVP, recognizing businesses that excel in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards. Patagonia and Girlfriend Collective are both B Corps, signaling a holistic commitment to sustainability.

Material Transparency in Wholesale Sourcing

Today’s consumers want to know what’s in their clothes and where it comes from. Brands and suppliers are responding with radical transparency:

• Recycled Materials: Girlfriend Collective, for example, details the number of recycled bottles in each garment right on their product pages.
• Certified Inputs: Gym Clothes highlights the use of non-toxic, recycled materials, backed by third-party certifications like OEKO-TEX.
• Third-Party Audits: Certifications such as GOTS and OEKO-TEX require independent inspections, ensuring claims are more than just marketing fluff.

Ethical Suppliers and Manufacturers

• Gym Clothes: Specializes in eco-friendly activewear using certified non-toxic and recycled materials, prioritizing ethical production.
• Girlfriend Collective: Partners with SA8000-certified factories in Vietnam and Taiwan, combining fair labor practices with innovative recycling.
• Patagonia: Sets the bar with recycled materials and Fair Trade supply chains.

Market Trends and Consumer Demand

The numbers don’t lie: demand for sustainable clothing soared 76% between 2017 and 2020, and the sustainable activewear market is projected to hit $39 billion by 2025. Certifications like GOTS and B Corp are now critical trust signals, helping brands stand out and win loyalty.

Challenges and Opportunities

• Supply Chain Complexity: Ethical sourcing requires rigorous audits and close partnerships with certified suppliers.
• Material Innovation: Brands are pushing boundaries with recycled and organic materials, but scaling up remains a challenge.
• Consumer Education: Certifications help bridge the knowledge gap, making it easier for shoppers to choose responsibly.

By prioritizing certifications, transparency, and ethical partnerships, your brand can ride the sustainability wave and meet the expectations of today’s conscious consumers.

7.2 Logistics Strategies for International Sourcing

Sourcing sustainable workout apparel globally? Logistics can make or break your business. Here’s how to keep your supply chain lean, compliant, and cost-effective.

Optimizing Shipping Methods

• Air Freight: Perfect for urgent or high-value orders—fast but pricier. Best for small batches or product launches that can’t wait.
• Sea Freight: The go-to for bulk shipments—cost-effective, but slower. Ideal when you can plan ahead and fill containers.
• Train Freight: An emerging middle ground in select regions, balancing speed and cost.

Customs and Tariff Management

Navigating international customs is a puzzle—one wrong move and your shipment could be delayed or hit with unexpected fees. That’s where third-party logistics (3PL) partners like SHIPHYPE and Javelin Logistics come in:

• HS Code Classification: Accurate Harmonized System (HS) codes are essential for workout apparel. Get this right to avoid misclassification and surprise tariffs.
• Duty Minimization: Experienced 3PLs streamline customs clearance and help you minimize duties, keeping your costs predictable.

Storage and Inventory Solutions

• Warehouse Management Systems (WMS): Providers like Javelin Logistics offer WMS integration for real-time SKU tracking, automated replenishment, and smarter seasonal stock management.
• Regional Distribution Hubs: Multi-warehouse networks shorten last-mile delivery and enable cross-docking for faster fulfillment.

Supplier Selection and Quality Control

• Low MOQs: Suppliers like China Fitness Clothing offer MOQs as low as 50 pieces, making it easier for smaller brands to test new markets.
• Rigorous Quality Checks: Aktik Sportswear, for example, uses a five-stage inspection process—raw materials, printing, sewing, ironing, packaging—to minimize defects.
• Production Capacity: Large suppliers (e.g., Aktik Sportswear’s 150,000+ pieces/month) ensure you can scale as demand grows.

Cost-Saving and Risk Mitigation

• Cargo Insurance: Protect your investment during transit with insurance from 3PLs like SHIPHYPE.
• Proper Documentation: Ensure all paperwork—commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin—is accurate to avoid customs disputes.
• Reverse Logistics: Use 3PLs with dedicated returns management to handle defective items or customer returns efficiently.

8. Conclusion: Building a Competitive Edge

In the ever-evolving world of wholesale workout apparel, success hinges on your ability to adapt and optimize. Prioritize suppliers with flexible MOQs to support your growth, embrace sustainability certifications to build trust, and invest in efficient production and logistics systems. By forging strategic partnerships and staying ahead of market trends, you’ll position your brand for long-term resilience and standout success.

9. FAQ: Wholesale Workout Apparel Essentials

9.1 Q: How can I negotiate MOQs with suppliers?

A: Start by building a relationship and clearly explaining your business needs. Many suppliers are open to flexible MOQs, especially for first-time orders or custom samples. Highlight your growth potential and willingness to scale future orders.

9.2 Q: Are sustainable materials more expensive for wholesale workout apparel?

A: Sustainable fabrics like organic cotton or recycled polyester can carry higher upfront costs due to certification and sourcing. However, these materials often justify a premium price point and foster greater customer loyalty, balancing the investment over time.

9.3 Q: What certifications should I look for when sourcing ethical activewear?

A: Key certifications include GOTS (organic textiles), GRS (recycled content), OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 (chemical safety), and B Corp (holistic ESG standards). These validate claims about material sourcing, safety, and ethical practices.

9.4 Q: How do I verify a wholesale vendor’s credibility?

A: Request documentation for certifications, ask for product samples, and check for independent third-party audits. Research customer reviews and consider working with 3PL partners or platforms that vet supplier reliability.

9.5 Q: What are the best logistics strategies for importing activewear?

A: Choose shipping methods based on urgency and budget—air for speed, sea for cost savings. Work with experienced 3PLs for customs management, accurate HS code classification, and integrated warehouse solutions to streamline your supply chain.

Ready to level up your wholesale workout apparel business? Prioritize sustainability, operational excellence, and trusted partnerships—and watch your brand thrive.